Natural plant fibre composites have been developed for the production of a variety of industrial products,
with benefits including biodegradability and environmental protection. Bamboo fibre materials have
attracted broad attention as reinforcement polymer composites due to their environmental sustainability,
mechanical properties, and recyclability, and they can be compared with glass fibres. This review classifies
and describes the various procedures that have been developed to extract fibres from raw bamboo
culm. There are three main types of procedures: mechanical, chemical and combined mechanical and
chemical extraction. Composite preparation from extracted bamboo fibres and various thermal analysis
methods are also classified and analysed. Many parameters affect the mechanical properties and composite
characteristics of bamboo fibres and bamboo composites, including fibre extraction methods, fibre
length, fibre size, resin application, temperature, moisture content and composite preparation techniques.
Mechanical extraction methods are more eco-friendly than chemical methods, and steam explosion
and chemical methods significantly affect the microstructure of bamboo fibres. The development of
bamboo fibre-reinforced composites and interfacial adhesion fabrication techniques must consider the
type of matrix, the microstructure of bamboo and fibre extraction methods.