Based on results from construct and content validity analyses, the team made a variety of
changes to the pilot attitudes toward math, science, and 21st century skills constructs. The
researchers dropped seven questions total from the math, science, and 21st century learning
sections and slightly reworded others. To reduce potential confusion on the part of respondents,
the researchers also removed negative wording from items, changing phrases like “I am not
interested…” to “I am interested…” These changes resulted in revised constructs with ten
attitudes toward math items, nine attitudes toward science items, and thirteen attitudes toward
21st century skills items.