Adaptive Management and Effectiveness Evaluation
Adaptive management is a formal, systematic and rigorous approach to learning from the outcomes of management actions, accommodating change and improving management. It involves synthesizing existing knowledge exploring alternative actions, and making explicit forecasts about their outcomes. Developed in the 1970s by C.S. Holling and several colleagues at the University of British Columbia and the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis, it has been applied to many specific natural resource issues including forest management.