6. Collaborative transport
Bask (2001) indicates in Figure 1 the varying degree of collaboration, and hence the
level of co-ordination and information flow transfer, that is required for the various
3PL types. We have also seen with the research by Groothedde et al.’s (2005) that
the ability to flex capacity and to select different routes using different modes of
transportation, requires both collaboration and effective information flow between
providers and users.