2.4. Steam Stone Smoking Procedure
The following experiment was performed to determine the amount
of toxic metals a smoker could potentially inhale during a 30 min hoo-
kah smoking session. In order to simulate the activity, a hookah appara-
tus was constructed from acid-washed Pyrex parts that consisted of a
head, body, and side-arm flask bowl, illustrated in Fig. 1b. This ensured
that the traditional metal parts of a conventional hookah would not
skew the results through contamination. A traditional hookah head,
called a funnel (“phunnel”), was used, which has a hole in the center
of the head to prevent the flavor formulation from leaking into the
body.