During the 1970s, banks in advanced countries lent large sums to firms and governments
in poorer nations, especially in Latin America. In 1982, however, first Mexico, then a
number of other countries, found themselves unable to pay back the money they owed.
The resulting “debt crisis” persisted until 1990. In the 1990s, investors once again
became willing to put hundreds of billions of dollars into “emerging markets,” both in
Latin America and in the rapidly growing economies of Asia. All too soon, however, this
investment boom came to grief as well; Mexico experienced another financial crisis at the
end of 1994, much of Asia was caught up in a massive crisis beginning in the summer of
1997, and Argentina had a severe crisis in 2002. This roller coaster history contains
many lessons, the most undisputed of which is the growing importance of the international
capital market.
In any sophisticated economy there is an extensive capital market: a set of arrangements
by which individuals and firms exchange money now for promises to pay in the future.
The growing importance of international trade since the 1960s has been accompanied by a
During the 1970s, banks in advanced countries lent large sums to firms and governments
in poorer nations, especially in Latin America. In 1982, however, first Mexico, then a
number of other countries, found themselves unable to pay back the money they owed.
The resulting “debt crisis” persisted until 1990. In the 1990s, investors once again
became willing to put hundreds of billions of dollars into “emerging markets,” both in
Latin America and in the rapidly growing economies of Asia. All too soon, however, this
investment boom came to grief as well; Mexico experienced another financial crisis at the
end of 1994, much of Asia was caught up in a massive crisis beginning in the summer of
1997, and Argentina had a severe crisis in 2002. This roller coaster history contains
many lessons, the most undisputed of which is the growing importance of the international
capital market.
In any sophisticated economy there is an extensive capital market: a set of arrangements
by which individuals and firms exchange money now for promises to pay in the future.
The growing importance of international trade since the 1960s has been accompanied by a
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