regression analysis for discourse data showed that
the use of response for maintenance and signals
for negotiation strategies were significantly related
to the oral test scores. High-proficiency students
showed clear awareness of using strategies
to fill communication gaps and negotiate meaning
to enhance mutual understanding both on
the questionnaire and in their retrospective protocols.
Thus, the frequent use of specific OCSs,
such as making efforts for maintaining conversation
flow and negotiation of meaning, could
contribute to the oral proficiency development
of EFL learners with sufficient proficiency. It can
be assumed that the integrated OCS approach,
which includes strategies for negotiation as well as
communication enhancers, is beneficial for EFL
training.
However, there is still room for argument concerning
how strategies for negotiation lead to
TL development.