The 2011 EU Directive does exactly this, as it allows States to
establish "jurisdiction over the offences . . . committed outside its
territory.""' Such jurisdiction could be invoked if the crime was
committed in State A, while the individual committing the crime
of trafficking, or the victim of the crime of trafficking, is a
national or habitual resident of State B. In such a case, despite
the crime having taken place in State A, State B could establish
jurisdiction over the matter as a result of the involvement of one
of its habitual residents, or one of its citizens in the crime of
trafficking."' While the possibility to invoke extra-territorial
jurisdiction exists for European Union States as a result of the
2011 EU Directive, it might be noted that the 2009 UN Model
Law against Trafficking in Persons already called for such extraterritorial
jurisdiction to be included in trafficking legislation.