The layout of this type of machine is shown in Fig. 3. The shape of the stator as well as the rotor resembles a pancake and these machines are commonly referred to as pancake machines. The machine consists of two external stators and one inner rotor. The permanent magnets are axially magnetized and they are surface mounted or inset into a cut window on the rotor disc. In all axial flux machines, the rotor rotates relative to the stator with the flux crossing the air-gap in the axial direction. The stator iron core is laminated in the radial direction and resembles concentric rings that have a constant slot width and tapered teeth.