Transfer pricing taxation refers to a taxation system that requires an entity to make transfer pricing adjustment if there is a difference (a purchase price is too expensive or a sales price is too cheap) between the transfer price of a transaction with its foreign related party and a transaction price for a transaction between independent third parties (arm's length price). When such differentials exist, profit and taxable income is recalculated by assuming the arm's length price and tax payers pay additional tax based on the difference between actual and recalculated income