Based on glucose recovery data from optimised pretreatment conditions, calculated ethanol fermentation yields for the three processing options are 101, 149 and 142 L ethanol per metric tonne of original CGT for WF, WS and SSF respectively. From an economic and logistical perspective, the SSF approach would be more favourable in an industrial setting. Although process efficiencies described herein are similar to those reported by Jeoh and Agblevor (2001), their estimated potential ethanol yield at 270 L/t was greater because of the higher sugar content in their CGT biomass, and the potential yields of ethanol from pentose sugars. On the basis of this latter premise, conversion of released pentose sugars (122 kg of xylose/t) would yield an additional 79 L/metric tonne.