ln the peri-urban regions, property rights over land are usu-ally mixed with state-owned and collectively owned, and thegovernance is fragmented. Most state land is managed by city gov-ernment, and the collectively owned rural land has been managedby a three-tiered governance system: the township, the admin-istrative village and the natural village. In the peri-urban areas,under local state entrepreneurism, each level of government, fromcity/county to natural village cadre, desires to push economicgrowth through industrial development (Fig. 7).