Principal component analysis (PCA) of the variance–covariance matrix (Rohlf and Archie, 1984; Crampton, 1995) was applied to summarize shape variation based on the EFDs for each carapace of C. maenas.
Principalcomponent analysis (PCA) of the variance–covariance matrix (Rohlfand Archie, 1984; Crampton, 1995) was applied to summarize shapevariation based on the EFDs for each carapace of C. maenas.