We examined the estimated total vitamin K intake in the current study, since the recommended adequate intake is based on total vitamin K, rather than vitamin K1 or K2. Details about the dietary assessment methodology have been published previously.14 Briefly, dietary information was obtained from an in-person 24-h dietary recall with the use of a personal computer-based, automated, interactive data collection and coding system that was developed by the University of Minnesota's Nutrition Coordinating Center, and conducted by trained interviewers. We only included participants who were deemed to have a complete and reliable 24-h recall in the data (as defined by the variable “Dietary Recall Status”).