Enological strains grown
overnight in 10 ml MRS broth at 30 C were pelleted by centrifugation,
washed twice with phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.0), and
resuspended in 2 ml of Ringer solution (8.5 g/L NaCl, 0.4 g/L KCl,
0.34 g/L hydrated CaCl2, SigmaeAldrich).