since the ancient Olympic games in Greece, athletes have endeavoured to enhance their performance through artificial means. During the last five decades, androgenic-anabolic steroids have been one of the most commonly used and effective groups of drugs that have assisted athletes to achieve improved sports performance.Yet AAS were not prohibited in sport until 1974. Unlike some other ergogenic aids. AAS provide greater benefit if administered during training than immediately prior to competition. anti-doping authorities have continually attempted to reduce an if possible eradicate cheating by AAS misuse. This review will examine the history of doping by athletes with AAS, especially testosterone(T), with an emphasis on the Olmpic Games It will discuss the methods uesd to detect such misuse but observe that throughout, this has been a constant attempt to catch up to scientists, coaches and others who unethically aid athletes to cheat. Finally, the permitted use of AAS, predominately T, to treat genuine medical conditions experienced by athletes will be discussed.