The strength of the casting increases as the temperature of the casting decreases during cooling. The strength of the casting will be identical to that of the sand mold at approximately 250 ◦C. At this point, the casting will contract in the same manner as the free contraction via the collapse of the sand mold around the flange (Fig. 7(b) 2)). The difference between the free and experimental contractions will become constant at approximately 250 ◦C.