Timestamps
– The Timestamp-Ordering Protocol
• any conflicting read and write operations are
executed in timestamp order.
• ensures freedom from deadlock, since no
transaction ever waits.
• However, there is a possibility of starvation of
long transactions if a sequence of conflicting
short transactions causes repeated restarting of
the long transaction. If a transaction is suffering
from repeated restarts, conflicting transactions
need to be temporarily blocked to enable the
transaction to finish.