In addition, we compared the specificity and sensitivity of the ICS test strip with the results of quadruplex RT-PCR test developed by Zhang (2010). Briefly, we used four pairs of primers (LMoV forward, 5-TGGCACCTCACCAAATGTA-3 and LMoV reverse, 5-CATCATCTGCTGTATGCCTCT-3; LSVforward, 5-TATGGGCTTCCAATACAAC-3and LSV reverse, 5-TATTCGGTTTCCAGGTT-3; CMV forward, 5-CTTTGTAGGGAGT-GAACGCTGTA-3and CMV reverse, 5-AGATGGCGGCAACGG-ATA-3; and 18S rRNA forward, 5-ATACCGTCCTAGTCTCAACC-3and 18S rRNA reverse, 5-ACAAATCGCTCCACCAAC-3) to simulta-neously detect LMoV, LSV, CMV, and the lily 18S rRNA housekeepinggene (as an internal control).