The Lagrangian puff
models tended to exhibit the smallest variance, highest correlation, and highest number of predictions
within a factor of two compared to the steady-state models at both the 8-km and 16-km distance.
Maximum one- and nine-hour average concentrations were less likely to be under-predicted by the
steady-state models compared to the Lagrangian puff models. The characteristic of the steady-state
models not to under-predict maximum concentrations make them well suited for regulatory compliance
demonstration, whereas the Lagrangian puff models are better suited for dose reconstruction and
long range transport