Previously inactive patients with type 2 diabetes who were 39 to 70 years of age were recruited through advertising, physicians, and word of mouth. Inclusion criteria included type 2 diabetes (as defined by the American Diabetes Association [8]) for more than 6 months and a baseline hemoglobin A1c value of 6.6% to 9.9% (normal range, 4.0% to 6.0%). Exclusion criteria were current insulin therapy; participation in exercise 2 or more times weekly for 20 minutes or longer per session or in any resistance training during the previous 6 months; changes during the previous 2 months in oral hypoglycemic, anti hypertensive, or lipid-lowering agents or body weight (≥5%); serum Creation level of 200 µmol/L or greater (≥2.26 mg/dL); inappropriate greater than 1 g/d; blood pressure greater than 160/95 mm Hg; restrictions in physical activity because of disease; or presence of other medical conditions that made participation inadvisable.