Based on the action levels recommended by ManTRA (Burgess-Limerick, Straker, Pollock and
Egeskov, 2004), further control actions may be necessary for any body region if 1) the combined risk
factor for exertion is 5; 2) the sum of exertion and awkwardness is 8 or greater, or 3) the combined
cumulative risk scores is 15 or greater. The risk assessment results, table 1, show that among six
manual tasks, the cumulative risk score of serving trayline – loader, collecting trays and trolleys and
delivering lunch trolleys are at 14 or 15 for all body regions except lower limbs.