Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible
individuals. The recent increase in CD incidence suggests that additional environmental factors, such as
intestinal microbiota alterations, are involved in its pathogenesis. However, there is no direct evidence of
modulation of gluten-induced immunopathology by the microbiota. We investigated whether specific
microbiota compositions influence immune responses to gluten in mice expressing the human DQ8 gene,
which confers moderate CD genetic susceptibility. Germ-free mice, clean specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice
colonized with a microbiota devoid of opportunistic pathogens and Proteobacteria, and conventional SPF
mice that harbor a complex microbiota that includes opportunistic pathogens were used. Clean SPF mice had
attenuated responses to gluten compared to germ-free and conventional SPF mice. Germ-free mice developed
increased intraepithelial lymphocytes, markers of intraepithelial lymphocyte cytotoxicity, gliadin-specific
antibodies, and a proinflammatory gliadin-specific T-cell response. Antibiotic treatment, leading to
Proteobacteria expansion, further enhanced gluten-induced immunopathology in conventional SPF mice.
Protection against gluten-induced immunopathology in clean SPF mice was reversed after supplementation
with a member of the Proteobacteria phylum, an enteroadherent Escherichia coli isolated from a CD patient.
The intestinal microbiota can both positively and negatively modulate gluten-induced immunopathology in
mice. In subjects with moderate genetic susceptibility, intestinal microbiota changes may be a factor that
increases CD risk.
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by gluten in genetically susceptibleindividuals. The recent increase in CD incidence suggests that additional environmental factors, such asintestinal microbiota alterations, are involved in its pathogenesis. However, there is no direct evidence ofmodulation of gluten-induced immunopathology by the microbiota. We investigated whether specificmicrobiota compositions influence immune responses to gluten in mice expressing the human DQ8 gene,which confers moderate CD genetic susceptibility. Germ-free mice, clean specific-pathogen-free (SPF) micecolonized with a microbiota devoid of opportunistic pathogens and Proteobacteria, and conventional SPFmice that harbor a complex microbiota that includes opportunistic pathogens were used. Clean SPF mice hadattenuated responses to gluten compared to germ-free and conventional SPF mice. Germ-free mice developedincreased intraepithelial lymphocytes, markers of intraepithelial lymphocyte cytotoxicity, gliadin-specificantibodies, and a proinflammatory gliadin-specific T-cell response. Antibiotic treatment, leading toProteobacteria expansion, further enhanced gluten-induced immunopathology in conventional SPF mice.Protection against gluten-induced immunopathology in clean SPF mice was reversed after supplementationwith a member of the Proteobacteria phylum, an enteroadherent Escherichia coli isolated from a CD patient.Microbiota ลำไส้สามารถทั้งบวก และลบ modulate เกิดตัง immunopathology ในหนู ในเรื่องมีปานกลางอ่อนแอทางพันธุกรรม microbiota ลำไส้เปลี่ยนแปลงอาจเป็นปัจจัยที่เพิ่มความเสี่ยงของซีดี
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