The direct effect of a positive reinforce is the increased frequency of a response because it was immediately followed by that reinforcer. The indirect effect of a positive reinforcer is the strengthening of a response (such as Fernando leaving for work earlier) that is followed by that reinforce (earning two pesos) even though the reinforcer is delayed. Delayed reinforcers may have an effect on behavior because of instructions about the behavior leading to the reinforcer and/or because of self-statements (or thoughts) that intervene between that behavior and the delayed reinforce. On the way to work, for example, Fernando may have been making self-statements (i.e., thinking) about how he would spend his extra pesos.