A working group named “pHOENIX” on the “Management of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) Residues” was established as a result of a workshop held in spring 2002 in Vienna, which dealt with the practical problems, recent research findings and solutions related to this topic. As we agreed, there are numerous highly specific scientific articles as well as some comprehensive studies and books with either in-depth research or with a description of integrated waste management in general terms or with specific MSWI residues. However, what was missing was a short introductory overview of the management of residues from thermal MSW treatment for operators, non-specialized scientists and legislators. With this article, we hope to fill the gap.