Many fear the abuse of restraints and possible psychological,
physical and emotional consequences. Restraints may involve
physical and psychological risks,3 produce negative reactions
in patients and staff,4 be used as punishment to patients,5 or be
used more frequently than should be necessary due to staffing
shortages.6 Restraint procedures not only represent a significant
infringement of an individual’s right to autonomy and selfdetermination7
but may be associated with significant morbidity
and mortality. Attitudes of patients and staff toward restraints differ
greatly. Patients’ attitudes are generally negative, whereas staff
tend to believe that seclusion benefits patients and preserves the
unit’s smooth functioning