FA adversely affect a wide range of lipid and non-lipid cardiovascular risk factors, indicating a unique cardiometabolic imprint among dietary fats. These adverse effects, together with the strong positive relationships with CHD events in observational studies, indicate substantial potential for harm. Experiences in both North America and Europe indicate that eliminating industrially produced TFA from foods, and substituting these largely with cis unsaturated fats, is both feasible and practical. TFA consumption can be reduced by appropriate guidance and education of consumers, by voluntary adoption of alternative fats and oils by the food industry, or by labeling, legislation, and other policies aimed at reducing TFA use. In Western countries, a combination of these strategies has proven to be most effective