Raw empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm mesocarp fiber (PMF) and palm kernel shell (PKS) were supplied by FELCRA Nasaruddin Oil Palm Mill, Bota, Perak, Malaysia. These biomass feedstocks were first washed with water thoroughly to remove impurities and sand particles, then manually chopped into smaller pieces and dried in the oven at 80 _C for 48 h, before being grinded with a FRITSCH Cutting Mill and sieved to particle size of