Claussen et al. (2007a) reported the freezing point depres-sion model of various foods. They found that ice formationchanged solute concentration in a solution, and a consid-erable freezing point depression of apples would take placewhen the concentration was higher than 0.4. When the weightfraction of solids increased from 0.4 to 0.5, the freezing tem-perature would reduced from −10◦C to −25◦C. However, lowertemperatures are economically not favorable, so typically AFDtemperatures are between −8◦C and −10◦C according to somereports