The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) emerged a few years later. As a preventive measure, to avoid disease spread through water, many P. monodon farmers have changed from open to closed culture systems (Kasai et al., 2005).
The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) emerged a few yearslater. As a preventive measure, to avoid disease spread throughwater, many P. monodon farmers have changed from open to closedculture systems (Kasai et al., 2005).