IS tbat tbe nurse's role of empowerer and facilitator is being
illuminated
Tbe fiftb and final attnbute tbat emanates from tbe hterature
IS tbat tbere must be a 'posibve benefit associated with
the intellectual and/or physical acbvity' This characteristic
IS lllummated repeatedly as the actual act of participabon
appears to be undertaken to achieve mamly posibve
outcomes sucb as pabent satisfacbon (England & Evans
1992), a rewardmg relationship (Glemster 1994), improved
nurse-pabent communicabon (Fry & Hassler 1986),
improved pabent adjustment (Wilson-Bamett & Fordbam
1982), increased job sabsfaction, and improved
recruitment and retenbon of nurses (Lott et al 1992)