Sphingomonas paucimobilis is an aerobic Gram-negative bacillus found in soil and
water. Knowledge regarding the role of this infectious agent is limited because it
is rarely isolated from human material. Furthermore, it is an unusual pathogen
in cases of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis. The clinical courses
and outcomes of peritonitis caused by S. paucimobilis are variable. Whereas some
patients were cured with appropriate antibiotic therapy, others required catheter
removal. Cases of PD-associated peritonitis caused by S. paucimobilis have been
reported worldwide, and there was a case report of coinfection with S. paucimobilis
and Chryseobacterium indologenes in Korea. However, there has been no case
caused by S. paucimobilis as a single pathogen. We report a case of PD-associated
peritonitis due to S. paucimobilis in which the patient recovered after catheter
removal.