Boundary Conditions for New-Genre Leadership
After establishing the positive links between
transformational leadership and the intervening
variables and performance outcomes, more
recent research has examined the boundary
conditions in which transformational leadership
is more (or less) effective in predicting
follower attitudes and behaviors. For example,
several studies have focused on identifying and
understanding contextual variables (e.g., idiocentrism)
that mediate or moderate the relationship
of charismatic/transformational leadership
with followers’ level of motivation
and performance at the individual, team or
group, and organizational levels (e.g., De
Cremer & van Knippenberg 2004, Keller 2006,
Walumbwa et al. 2007). Additional research
has focused on examining the moderating effects
of follower dispositions such as efficacy
(Dvir & Shamir 2003, Zhu et al. 2008), physical
and structural distance (e.g., Avolio et al.
2004b), perceived environmental uncertainty
(e.g., Agle et al. 2006), social networks (e.g.,
Boundary Conditions for New-Genre LeadershipAfter establishing the positive links betweentransformational leadership and the interveningvariables and performance outcomes, morerecent research has examined the boundaryconditions in which transformational leadershipis more (or less) effective in predictingfollower attitudes and behaviors. For example,several studies have focused on identifying andunderstanding contextual variables (e.g., idiocentrism)that mediate or moderate the relationshipof charismatic/transformational leadershipwith followers’ level of motivationand performance at the individual, team orgroup, and organizational levels (e.g., DeCremer & van Knippenberg 2004, Keller 2006,Walumbwa et al. 2007). Additional researchhas focused on examining the moderating effectsof follower dispositions such as efficacy(Dvir & Shamir 2003, Zhu et al. 2008), physicaland structural distance (e.g., Avolio et al.2004b), perceived environmental uncertainty(e.g., Agle et al. 2006), social networks (e.g.,
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