Subsequently, the effect of temperature was investigated in the continuous ethanol fermentation of thick juice. The temperature of R3 was controlled at 30 C, while the temperatures of R1 and R2 were increased from 30 C to 35 C. As shown in Table 2, the difference of ethanol concentration in R1 was not significant when the temperature increased from 30 C to 35 C (P ¼ 0.057). The ethanol concentration in R2 at 33 C was not significantly different from that at 30 C (P ¼ 0.414), while it significantly decreased to 75.2 g L1 at 35 C (P ¼ 0.016). Thus, the temperature in R2 should be controlled at 33 C.