2.6. Texture profile analysis
Mechanical properties of the crumb structure were determined using a compression test according to AACC standard 74-09. A TA-XTplus (Stable Micro Systems, UK) was used with a 300 N load cell and a Teflon cylinder probe with a diameter of 26 mm. The test speed was 1.7 mm/s, the trigger force 5 g and the strain 40%. Bread slices of 30 mm thickness were used, and measurements were performed in 5-fold. The max force (N) of the first compression was used as a measure of bread firmness.