Clostridium difficile infection is increasing in incidence, severity,
and mortality. Treatment options are limited and
appear to be losing efficacy. Recurrent disease is especially
challenging; extended treatment with oral vancomycin is
becoming increasingly common but is expensive. Fecal microbiota
transplantation is safe, inexpensive, and effective;
according to case and small series reports, about 90% of
patients are cured. We discuss the rationale, methods, and
use of fecal microbiota transplantation.