Finally, there is a possible “halo effect” (or bias) that may have occurred as a result of the operationalization. Since the construct of loyalty was operationalized is expressed in terms of two items that are behavioral intention-oriented (i.e. will), the responses to both of these items may have been biased by the favorable responses to the proceeding item of the joy-construct. Thus, it is suggested that future research may include additional items – such as repeat or previous visits – in their operationalization of the loyalty-construct.