a b s t r a c t
Access to clean water has been agreat challenge around the globe due to the high pollutant contents in
the water.Therefore,thereisahighdemandoffreshwaterresourcesoradireneedofcleanrecycle
wastewaterasanewsourceofwatersupply.Inordertoaccomplishthis,newconceptorengineering
systemsneedtobedevelopedwherehybridwastewatertreatmentsystemcanbeaneffectivepollutants
removal.Wastewatercontainsenergyintheformofbiodegradableorganicmatter.Theconceptof
accomplishing wastewatertreatmentandgenerateenergysimultaneouslyhasbeenatrendrecentlyand
can bedonewithhybridwastewatertreatmentsystem.Energygainedfromsuchhybridsystemis
thereforebothsustainableandenvironmentalfriendlywhichmaybegoodsourceofbio-energyto
compliment thepowerofatreatmentplant.Inthispaper,weclassifyhybridwastewatersystems
typically includephysical–biological hybrid,physical–chemical hybrid,chemical–biological hybridand
physical–chemical–biological hybridsystem.Fromthedetailedliteraturegatheredthusfar,hybridsys-
tems demonstratedsomepotentialadvantagescomparedtostand-alonesystemssuchas:morestable
and sustainableinthevoltagegenerated,betteroveralltreatmentefficiency andenergysavings.
a b s t r a c tAccess to clean water has been agreat challenge around the globe due to the high pollutant contents inthe water.Therefore,thereisahighdemandoffreshwaterresourcesoradireneedofcleanrecyclewastewaterasanewsourceofwatersupply.Inordertoaccomplishthis,newconceptorengineeringsystemsneedtobedevelopedwherehybridwastewatertreatmentsystemcanbeaneffectivepollutantsremoval.Wastewatercontainsenergyintheformofbiodegradableorganicmatter.Theconceptofaccomplishing wastewatertreatmentandgenerateenergysimultaneouslyhasbeenatrendrecentlyandcan bedonewithhybridwastewatertreatmentsystem.Energygainedfromsuchhybridsystemisthereforebothsustainableandenvironmentalfriendlywhichmaybegoodsourceofbio-energytocompliment thepowerofatreatmentplant.Inthispaper,weclassifyhybridwastewatersystemstypically includephysical–biological hybrid,physical–chemical hybrid,chemical–biological hybridandphysical–chemical–biological hybridsystem.Fromthedetailedliteraturegatheredthusfar,hybridsys-tems demonstratedsomepotentialadvantagescomparedtostand-alonesystemssuchas:morestableand sustainableinthevoltagegenerated,betteroveralltreatmentefficiency andenergysavings.
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