. As the mother goes through parturition and
delivers the fetus, the placental hormone production stops, and so does the illness of GDM, which strongly suggests that these hormones cause GDM [10] . Human placental lactogen raises approximately 10- fold in the second half of the pregnancy. It stimulates lipolysis, which leads to an increase in free fatty acids in order to provide a different fuel to the mother and to conserve
glucose and amino acids for the fetus. In turn, the increase in free fatty acid levels directly interferes with the insulin-directed entry of glucose into cells. Therefore, human placental lactogen is considered as a potent antagonist of insulin action during pregnancy.