Almost half of the women had a lower iron and niacin intake compared to than the Thai RDA. Folic acid, vitamin C, iodine, retinol and riboflavin intakes were found to be adequate in most women. Factors associated with higher nutrient
inadequacy were low educational attainment and high level of violence within the community. Those associated with lower nutrient inadequacy were maternal age less than 20 years, gestational age at enrolment of 14 weeks or more and a pre-pregnancy BMI of less than 18.5