In this section, based on the revised model, a CFA was conducted again using data from
group 2. The results of the CFA revealed that the data from group 2 adequately fit the
revised 9-factor model. The CFI (.900) and IFI (.903) were both above the .90 benchmark
(Bentler, 1990); moreover, RMSEA = .072 was within the 0.05–0.08 range for an
acceptable model fit (Hair et al., 2010). The correlation matrix (Table 4) demonstrates
that all of the correlations between factors were below .85 (Kline, 2005), which revealed
a moderate discriminant validity among the nine factors. In addition, VIFs (variance
inflation factor) ranged from 1.35 to 2.39, which were far below the benchmark of 10.00
(Hair et al., 2010) and showed a small degree of multi-collinearity among factors.
Further, as reported in Table 5, none of the indices from the 1-factor scale meet the
benchmark, which indicated a better discriminant validity for the 9-factor scale.