Explant Preparation: Excised single nodal segments of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis with dormant axillary buds were used as explant materials from mature disease- free shoots of in vitro plants bearing similar phenotypic expressions with red non-frizzy flowers of five petals with non-variegated leaves. Excision was carried out when the stem was green and at its relatively less lignified (non-woody) stage of maturation. Single nodal cuttings from stems were standardised to about 1.0-1.5 cm length and roughly 0.3-0.5 cm of stem circumference. All leaves and stipules were detached. Following excision, the nodal segments were placed under running tap water for about an hour, after which the container was changed and the explants washed with a few drops of detergent for about one minute with continuous agitation. The explants were then rinsed thoroughly with distilled water. In the laminar flow, a diluted solution of 2.63% (v/v) of sodium hypochloride was prepared from Clorox (Unilever, ® Malaysia.) in a sterile container. Two drops of the surfactant polyoxyethylenesorbitan or Tween 20 ® (Merck & Co., U.S.A.) were then added to a 100mL solution of the diluted sodium hypochloride. The explants were then transferred into sterile container containing the mixture and agitated continuously for about 15 minutes. Agitation should be stopped if extensive tissue whitening is observed especially at the edges of the nodal explants. The explants were then rinsed off three times with sterile distilled water for about ten minutes each time and subsequently placed in sterile Petri dishes.