2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
2.10 Biologicalassets
Biological assets mainly include mature and immature oil palm plantations. Immature plantations are stated at acquisition cost which includes costs incurred for field preparation, planting, fertilizing and maintenance, capitalization of borrowing costs incurred on loans used to finance the developments of immature plantations and an allocation of other indirect costs based on planted hectares. Mature plantations are stated at fair value less estimated point-of-sale costs, with any resultant gain or loss recognised in the income statement. In general, oil palms are considered mature 30 to 36 months after field planting. Point-of-sale costs include all costs that would be necessary to sell the assets.
2.11 Plasmainvestments
Costs incurred during the development phase up to the conversion of the Plasma plantation are capitalised as Plasma investments. The development of the Plasma oil palm plantations is financed by plasma loans, which was received by the plasma farmers (represented by “Cooperatives”), plus additional funding by the Group, should bank financing not be adequate to finance the development costs. Accumulated development costs are presented net of the plasma loans and are presented as “Plasma investments”.
When the carrying amount of the Plasma investments is higher than its estimated recoverable amount, it is written down immediately to its recoverable amount. The difference between the accumulated development costs of Plasma plantations and their conversion value is charged to the income statement.
2.12 Intangibleassets (a) Goodwill
Goodwill acquired in a business combination is initially measured at cost. Following initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired.
For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating units, or groups of cash-generating units, that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units or groups of units.
A cash-generating unit (or group of cash-generating units) to which goodwill has been allocated is tested for impairment annually and whenever there is an indication that the cash-generating unit may be impaired, by comparing the carrying amount of the cash-generating unit, including the goodwill, with the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit. Where the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit (or group of cash-generating units) is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognised in the income statement. Impairment losses recognised for goodwill are not reversed in subsequent periods.
Where goodwill forms part of a cash-generating unit (or group of cash-generating units) and part of the operation within that cash-generating unit (or group of cash-generating units) is disposed of, the goodwill associated with the operation disposed of is included in the carrying amount of the operation when determining the gain or loss on disposal of the operation. Goodwill disposed of in this circumstance is measured based on the relative fair values of the operations disposed of and the portion of the cash-generating unit (or group of cash-generating units) retained.