The immunogenicity and protective
efficacy of L. lactis GEM particles displaying Y. pestis
LcrV was investigated in a neonatal mouse model. Newborn
mice immunized intranasally with GEM-LcrV developed
LcrV-specific antibodies, Th1-type cell mediated immunity,
and were protected against lethal Y. pestis (plague) infection
(Ramirez et al. 2010)