Not surprisingly in PM environments, this sample described their organizations as stressing both task- and people-oriented leadership styles while minimizing a laissez-faire leadership style as seen in Table 2. Given that PM environments tend to have highly educated and motivated staff, then the high ratings for participative leadership are expected seeing as project staff should be able to actively contribute to problem-solving, decision- making, and the like. The emphasis on situational leader- ship makes good sense given the diversity within project teams (e.g. different professional and technical disciplines and degrees of PM experience). Finally, while transformational leadership did not receive relatively high ratings, this style has an important role in organizations; as one participant noted, we are in a very competitive world and Canadian organizations need to change.