It has been reported that thermosonication cause the highest
inactivation of pathogens as recorded in cranberry, pineapple and
grapefruit juices [44]. Ultrasound has been proved to increase
microbial sensitivity to heat, high osmotic pressure and low pH
due to cavitations and other changes in the outer membrane of
the cell structure [43,45]. In our previous study, we found microbial
inactivation of apple juice treated with ultrasound but it could
not achieve a complete decontamination of juice which might be
due to low treatment temperature [10]. So, the results indicated
that the increased level of microbial inactivation of apple juice
could be obtained by coupling ultrasound with heat while reducing
other adverse changes in the food.