ln a word-recognition strategy called structural analysis, a reader uses clues within the word itself to guess what the word means. The reader relies on knowledge of the meanings of prefixes, suffixes, roots (word bases), compound words, and endings such as ed and ing, and of how they are combined. For example, the adverb undoubtedly has the prefix an, the root doubt, ending ed, and the suffix Iy. Knowing the meanings of the parts of the word leads the reader to decide that the word means without doubt. And without doubt the best way for readers to add such knowledge to verbal memory is to encounter words made of those parts in text they find / meaningful, and to use the words in conversation and writing.