If partners own shares (equity) in local operations, they get cuts of the profits; if they loan cash (debt), they receive interest. Local partners who can help keep political forces from interrupting operations include firms, trade unions, financial institutions, and government agencies.
2. Localization entails modifying operations, the product mix, or some other business element-even the company name-to suit local tastes and culture.
3. Development assistance lets an international business assist the host country or region in improving the quality of life for locals. For example, by helping to develop distribution and communications networks, both a company and a nation benefit.
4. Insurance against political risk can be essential to companies entering risky business environments. The Overseas Private Investment Corporation insures U.S. companies that invest abroad against loss and can provide project financing. Some policies protect companies when local governments restrict the convertibility of local money into home-country currency, while others insure against losses created by violent events, including war and terrorism. The Foreign Credit Insurance Association also insures U.S. exporters against loss due to a variety of causes.