The sidewalls under Loading Scenario 5 (Fig. 17) were the critical
lateral load resisting components. The complete model (M1)
reached the maximum elastic load of 75 kN listed in Fig. 3, which
was well below the maximum load (124.5 kN) resisted by the model
without a roof (M4). Models containing both sidewalls and the roof
(modelsM1and M3) were the most rigid. The container model without
a roof (model M4) had a 66% maximum applied force increase
and a 26% reduction in stiffness when compared to M1. The container
reached yielding in the roof component near the front header
in the original model M1, but without the roof (model M4) the container
yielded at the front header. The yielding location change may
have caused the increase in maximum applied loading for M4 (roof
removed) when compared to the original container model M1.