First, as described earlier, scholars have relied on two primary theoretical models to explain helping in work organizations and most organizational research on helping has drawn on social exchange frameworks (Blau, 1964), implying that helping is a reciprocal response to being treated well by others. We refer to this as reactive helping because it occurs primarily in response to others in the environment. In contrast, more recent research has complemented the social exchange perspective with a functional motive perspective where the motivation to help originates from within the helper and is primarily a function of the helper’s personal motives.